讨论

分区：修订间差异

本页面所适用的版本可能已经过时，最后更新于1.0。
小 （天津风不是天津的风移动页面Zoning至分区）
无编辑摘要
 
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'''Zones''' allow you to decide where houses, shops and factories will be built. When an empty zone is assigned a zone type, buildings will be built there automatically over time as long as there is demand. Each zone type has its own requirements to flourish and in a functioning city, they all benefit from each other: factories need places to ship their products, companies need employees, employees need homes, shopping opportunities, and places to spend their free time.
''' 功能区''' 决定了在何处规划住宅、商铺和工厂。在一片空白区域划定功能区后，随着时间推移，对应功能区的建筑就会根据城市中的需求自动建造。每个区域类型都要满足不同条件才能迸发活力，在一座正常运作的城市里，所有区域相辅相成：工厂需要运输产品的设施，企业需要员工，员工需要住房、供购物的商店、还有打发空闲时间的去处。


== Themes ==
== 地区主题 ==
[[File:Theme styles.png|thumb|North American theme (left) and European theme (right)]]
[[File:Theme styles.png|thumb| 北美风格（左）和欧洲风格（右）]]
The theme represents the architectural style of residential and commercial zones. There are currently two themes: {{icon|european}} European and {{icon|north american}} North American.
主题风格代表了住宅和商业建筑、交通工具、道路、交通指示牌和交通信号灯的外观风格。当前版本游戏中有两种风格：{{icon|european}} 欧洲和 {{icon|north american}} 北美。


== Tool mode ==
== 工具模式 ==
[[File:Zoning tools.png|thumb|Theme and zoning tools]]
[[File:Zoning tools.png|thumb| 主题和分区工具]]
The tool mode determines how zones are drawn:
工具模式决定了功能区如何填充
# '''Fill''': Completely fills the selected zone grid.
# ''' 填充''': 完全填充选定的单元网格。
# '''Marquee''': Draw a rectangle and fill all zone cells in the drawn area.
# ''' 滚动''': 绘制一个矩形并填充绘制区域中的所有分区单元格。
# '''Paint''': Fills the cells the cursor goes over. Holding the button down allows for quick painting of multiple cells.
# ''' 刷涂''': 一次填充选定的一个单元格。按住鼠标可以快速绘制多个单元格。
Holding the right mouse button deletes zones with the selected tool mode.
在上述工具模式中使用鼠标右键将删除对应工具模式划定的功能区。


== Zone Types and Densities ==
== 功能区类型和密度 ==
There are five different zone types:
游戏中有五种不同的功能区类型：
* '''Residential''' zones provide housing for [[Citizens|people]]. Lower density supports fewer people but provide more [[taxes]] from each one and are more likely to attract families and seniors. High density supports more people but provide fewer taxes from each one and are more likely to attract students and single adults.
* ''' 住宅区''' - 为[[ 市民]] 提供住所。低密度住宅面积较大，可容纳较少的市民，人均支付的房租相对更高，因而适合偏爱更宽敞公寓的家庭和老年人。独居人群和学生则不介意住更小的公寓，他们偏爱中等密度的公寓楼和高密度集合式住宅。生活成本会由大量住户分担，因而中高密度住宅区的房租成本较低。
* '''Commercial''' zones allow [[company|companies]] to sell all types of goods manufactured locally or imported from [[Outside Connections]]. They thrive close to residential areas as they provide them with [[customers]]. Commercial businesses benefit from local manufacturing as they have quick access to the goods they are selling. Local manufacturers also benefit from the nearby commercial companies as the transportation costs of manufactured goods to the retailers are low, allowing them to earn higher profits per sold unit.
* ''' 商业区''' - [[ 企业]] 在这里销售各类产品，产品有的是本地生产，有的通过[[ 外部连接]] 进口。将商业区建在住宅区附近，能为商业区提供[[ 顾客]] ，让商业区生意更兴隆。商业企业得益于当地制造业，因为当地制造业能就近为他们提供商品。反过来说，当地制造商也得益于附近的贸易企业，因为将生产出来的商品运往这些零售店的运输成本较低，每件售出的商品也就能给他们带来更多利润。
* '''Industrial''' zones manufacture [[goods]] from [[materials]] that are either transported from Outside Connections by delivery trucks or extracted and processed locally in [[Zoning#Specialized industry|specialized industrial]] areas and then sell them. They will attempt to sell goods to local buyers first. If there is overproduction of a type of goods the companies will ship the excess production to Outside Connections, but selling to the local market is always more profitable. Continuing to sell to Outside Connections will further decrease the profit as they have to ship the goods further and further to new buyers, simulating the eventual oversaturation of the market. Companies in general seek to re-evaluate their business every now and then, adjusting the number of employees to match the current business landscape and market needs.
* ''' 工业区''' - 利用原材料生产商品，原材料可以通过外部连接通过卡车运输，也可以由本地[[ 专门产业区]] 开采加工。有些商品会卖给商业企业，由商业企业再卖给顾客（比如食物），有的则先卖给商业企业，由商业企业加工成产品或非物质商品（诸如饮料会被转化为娱乐）。工业区优先尝试将商品出售给本地买家。如果某一产品在本地供大于求，企业就会把多余的该产品运往外部连接，但由于就近出售的运输成本低，卖给当地市场总是利润更高的。从一个外部连接运往另一个外部连接会导致利润进一步减少，因为商品需要被运送至更远的新买家。这模拟了市场最终过饱和的状态。企业通常会时不时重新评估自己的生意，根据当前商业前景和市场需求调整员工数量。
* '''Office''' zones produce immaterial goods and services for private citizens and companies alike.
* ''' 办公区''' - 为个人和企业提供非物质商品和服务。
* '''Specialized Industry''' - Zones that exploit natural resources and provide jobs for people and products for commercial buildings.
* ''' 专门产业区''' - 开发自然资源并提供就业岗位，生产其他区域所需的原材料产品。


One thing to note is that High Density building generally cause higher [[traffic]], and cause congestion on small roads. If you're looking to build a massive city, and not crammed into one space, use low density, as it needs less services, and takes up a larger space than the high density.
需要注意，高密度功能区通常会使一片区域内[[ 交通]] 量增加，并导致小路拥堵。如果你想建造一个规模巨大的城市，而不是挤在狭小的空间里，最好使用低密度功能区铺开城市，因为它需要更少的服务，而且比高密度区占用更大的空间。


Note that industries and commercial zones contribute to traffic congestion, especially if goods must be imported from outside the town due to a lack of local industrial zones. Importing goods does not affect the revenue of these industries, but does affect gameplay by requiring a well-developed roadway grid.
另外，商业区和工业区更容易造成交通拥堵，尤其是原料或商品无法从城市内部满足需求，并依赖外部进口时。进口商品不会影响这些行业的收入，但完善的道路网络会影响城市运转节奏。


===Theme-Based Zoning===
=== 各主题功能区 ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Icon ({{Icon|european|30px}})
! 图标（{{Icon|european|30px}} ）
! Icon ({{Icon|north american|30px}})
! 图标（{{Icon|north american|30px}} ）
! Zone
! 功能区
! Required milestone
! 所需里程碑等级
! Description
! 描述
|-
|-
| [[File:ZoneResidentialLow.png|50px]] || [[File:ZoneNAResidentialLow.png|50px]] || '''Low Density Housing''' || 0 || ''Single and semi-detached houses.''
| [[File:ZoneResidentialLow.png|50px]] || [[File:ZoneNAResidentialLow.png|50px]] || '''Low Density Housing''' || 0 || ''Single and semi-detached houses.''
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| [[File:ZoneCommercialHigh.png|50px]] || [[File:ZoneNACommercialHigh.png|50px]] || '''High Density Business''' || 9 || ''Supermarkets, malls, hotels, big movie theaters, concert halls, theaters, fitness centers, department stores.''
| [[File:ZoneCommercialHigh.png|50px]] || [[File:ZoneNACommercialHigh.png|50px]] || '''High Density Business''' || 9 || ''Supermarkets, malls, hotels, big movie theaters, concert halls, theaters, fitness centers, department stores.''
|}
|}
===Unthemed Zoning===
=== 不限主题的功能区 ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Icon
! 图标
! Zone
! 功能区
! Required milestone
! 所需里程碑等级
! Description
! 描述
|-
|-
| [[File:ZoneResidentialLowRent.png|50px]] || '''Low Rent Housing''' || 4 || ''Large apartment buildings with small, affordable apartments. The lower rent provides lower tax income as a result.''
| [[File:ZoneResidentialLowRent.png|50px]] || '''Low Rent Housing''' || 4 || ''Large apartment buildings with small, affordable apartments. The lower rent provides lower tax income as a result.''
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|}
|}


=== Specialized industry ===
=== 专门产业区 ===
[[File:Farming area.jpg|thumb|Grain Farming specialized industry zone]]
[[File:Farming area.jpg|thumb|Grain Farming specialized industry zone]]
Specialized industries follow different placement rules. Initially a central building will be placed. Then the corners of the zone for extraction must be placed, limited to a ring around the central building. The corners can be later adjusted through the Area menu or by selecting the central building. Specialized industry buildings cannot become [[abandoned]], but [[companies]] will still move in and out of them as the area becomes more or less desirable.
Specialized industries follow different placement rules. Initially a central building will be placed. Then the corners of the zone for extraction must be placed, limited to a ring around the central building. The corners can be later adjusted through the Area menu or by selecting the central building. Specialized industry buildings cannot become [[abandoned]], but [[companies]] will still move in and out of them as the area becomes more or less desirable.
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Most specialized industry zones require being placed atop a specific [[natural resource]] to be extracted. Companies will never move into a specialized industry zone that requires a resource the zone does not have access to. Livestock Farming and Stone Mining do not require any natural resources to operate.
Most specialized industry zones require being placed atop a specific [[natural resource]] to be extracted. Companies will never move into a specialized industry zone that requires a resource the zone does not have access to. Livestock Farming and Stone Mining do not require any natural resources to operate.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! {{icon|specialized industry}} Specialized Industry
! {{icon|specialized industry}} 专门产业区
! Area
! 区域类型
! {{icon|milestone}} Required Milestone
! {{icon|milestone}} 所需里程碑等级
! Required Resource
! 所需资源
! [[File:NoisePollution.png|24px]] Noise Pollution
! [[File:NoisePollution.png|24px]] 噪音污染
! [[File:GroundPollution.png|24px]] Ground Pollution
! [[File:GroundPollution.png|24px]] 地面污染
! [[File:AirPollution.png|24px]] Air Pollution
! [[File:AirPollution.png|24px]] 空气污染
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource livestock.png|30px]] Livestock Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 3 || || Low || || 
| [[File:Resource livestock.png|30px]] Livestock Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 3 || || 低 || || 
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource grain.png|30px]] Grain Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 4 || {{icon|fertile land|30px}} Fertile Land || Low || || 
| [[File:Resource grain.png|30px]] Grain Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 4 || {{icon|fertile land|30px}} 农地 || 低 || || 
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource vegetables.png|30px]] Vegetable Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 5 || {{icon|fertile land|30px}} Fertile Land || Low || || 
| [[File:Resource vegetables.png|30px]] Vegetable Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 5 || {{icon|fertile land|30px}} 农地 || 低 || || 
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource cotton.png|30px]] Textile Fiber Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 6 || {{icon|fertile land|30px}} Fertile Land || Low || || 
| [[File:Resource cotton.png|30px]] Textile Fiber Farming || {{icon|agriculture area}} || 6 || {{icon|fertile land|30px}} 农地 || 低 || || 
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource wood.png|30px]] Forestry || {{icon|forestry area}} || 4 || {{icon|forest|30px}} Forest || Medium || || 
| [[File:Resource wood.png|30px]] Forestry || {{icon|forestry area}} || 4 || {{icon|forest|30px}} 森林 || 中 || || 
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource stone.png|30px]] Stone Mining || {{icon|ore area}} || 3 || || Medium || Medium || Medium
| [[File:Resource stone.png|30px]] Stone Mining || {{icon|ore area}} || 3 || || 中 || 中 || 中
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource coal.png|30px]] Coal Mining || {{icon|ore area}} || 5 || {{icon|ore|30px}} Ore || Medium || Medium || Medium
| [[File:Resource coal.png|30px]] Coal Mining || {{icon|ore area}} || 5 || {{icon|ore|30px}} 矿脉 || 中 || 中 || 中
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource ore.png|30px]] Ore Mining || {{icon|ore area}} || 7 ||{{icon|ore|30px}} Ore || Medium || Medium || Medium
| [[File:Resource ore.png|30px]] Ore Mining || {{icon|ore area}} || 7 ||{{icon|ore|30px}} 矿脉 || 中 || 中 || 中
|-
|-
| [[File:Resource oil.png|30px]] Oil Drilling || {{icon|oil area}} || 8 || {{icon|oil|30px}} Oil || Medium || Medium || Medium
| [[File:Resource oil.png|30px]] Oil Drilling || {{icon|oil area}} || 8 || {{icon|oil|30px}} 油田 || 中 || 中 || 中
|}
|}
[[File:Resource oil.png|30px]] Oil Drilling zones have a higher fire hazard than the rest.
[[File:Resource oil.png|30px]] 石油开采区比其他区域更易发生火灾。


== Building level ==
== 建筑物等级 ==
All zoned buildings have Building Levels from 1 to 5. Building Levels represent the progression of the building from a lower to a higher quality building and are a reflection of how wealthy its inhabitants are. As the building increases in level, its upkeep increases which means that its rent also increases. In residential buildings electricity and water consumption also decreases per household and as the buildings change at levels 3 and 5, more apartments are available in medium and high density residential buildings.


In commercial buildings, electricity and water used per one unit of goods or products sold decreases. Furthermore, commercial buildings are able to produce goods and services faster which means that they can sell them cheaper to consumers. This leads to citizens choosing higher-level commercial companies over other options.
所有分区建筑物都有建筑物等级，从1到5级不等。建筑物等级代表建筑物品质提升程度，反映其中人员的富有程度。随着建筑物升级，其养护成本会上升，意味着其租金也会上涨。在住宅类建筑物中，每户的平均用电和用水量会减少，建筑物达到3级和5级时，中高密度住宅中会产生更多套房。


Similarly, in manufacturing and office buildings, electricity and water used to produce one unit of goods decreases. Higher-level buildings adopt better utility practices, boosting their production efficiency and also generating less garbage and pollution.
在商业类建筑物中，每售出一单位量商品或产品的耗电、耗水量会下降。另外，商业类建筑可以更快生产商品和服务，意味着其售价可以变得更便宜。这就致使市民优先选择高等级的贸易企业。


Visually, buildings change at every other level, representing the increase in the quality of the building. Lower-level buildings have a cheaper look while higher-level buildings adopt a more modern and detailed look.
类似地，制造业和办公类建筑物生产一单位量商品的耗电、耗水量也会下降。高等级建筑物会采用更好的实践方法，能提升生产效率，减少产生的废物和污染。


== Demand ==
建筑物每次升级，外观都会改变，反映出其品质提升。低等级建筑物的外观设计得更“廉价”，高等级建筑物外观更为时尚精致。
 
== 需求 ==
[[File:Zone demand.jpg|thumb|400px|Demand information]]
[[File:Zone demand.jpg|thumb|400px|Demand information]]
Demand are building requests from citizens for the different types and densities of buildings. City growth is largely based on the different zone types needing more space and the symbiotic relationship between them. New citizens move in and require housing which increases residential demand. The new citizens then need jobs and places to go shopping and spend their free time so industrial and commercial demand increases. As industrial manufacturing increases, they need places to sell their produced goods which also increases commercial zone demand. And as more companies are founded, more job positions become available which in turn increases demand for residential housing.
城市扩张很大程度上是因为各种区域类型对土地的需求增加，以及各区域间的共生关系。有更多人搬入城市，就会需要住房，增加住宅区需求。接下来，新市民需要找工作，需要有地方购物，有地方打发空余时间，所以工业区和商业区的需求也会增加。工业区生产了更多产品，就需要有地方出售，导致商业区需求增加。更多企业成立，产生更多工作岗位，又会反过来增加对住宅区的需求。
 
基于不同教育程度，以及城市中生产销售的各种商品，来调整税收，这会对当地需求产生重大影响。税收可以用来鼓励城市中特定商品、产品的生产，或是单纯用来帮扶新兴产业。
 
有人想搬入城市时，'''住宅区需求'''就会增加。劳动人群会来城市找工作，学生来寻找教育机会，还有些人想搬进来只是因为觉得这里适合他们养家。家族和老年人偏爱更宽敞的公寓，会增加对中低密度住宅的需求。独居人群和学生则不介意住更小的公寓，他们偏爱中等密度的公寓楼和高密度集合式住宅。生活成本会由大量住户分担，因而中高密度住宅区的生活成本较低。工业区、商业区和办公区的就业机会增加，也会导致住宅区需求增加。这些区域需要劳动力，而新搬入的员工需要合适的住房。如果工作机会减少，失业率上升，住宅需求就会下降，直到情况得到补救。如果城市里有大量闲置房屋，住宅需求就可能下降，直到闲置房屋有人入住。
 
'''商业区需求'''需要有制造业提供商品，有潜在顾客，还要有找工作的市民。工业区制造了商品，就需要出售商品来获利。当地市场永远会带来更大利润，所以他们倾向于在市内销售商品，这就会增加对当地贸易企业的需求。


Adjusting taxes for the different education levels as well as the various goods produced and sold in the city can have a great effect on local demand. Taxes can be used to favor different goods and products manufacturing in the city or simply give a helping hand to fledgling industries.
然而，有可供出售的商品和产品只算成功了一半。商业区还需要当地市民购买力足够强大，好让他们不仅回本，还能大挣一笔。因此，当地对商品、产品的需求是商业区需求中极其重要的因素。市民想为家里购置物品，也想花时间进行购物等他们最爱的休闲活动。


Residential demand increases when new citizens want to move in: citizens moving in for work, students seeking education opportunities, or people simply wanting to move in because the city is an inviting location to raise their families. Families and seniors prefer large apartments, thus increasing the low and medium density housing demand. Single-person households and students don’t shy away from smaller apartments, favoring medium density apartment buildings and high density residential towers; the living costs are also divided among the high number of households, making living cheaper in these zone types. Residential zone demand also increases as jobs in the industrial, commercial, and office sectors become available. The zones require a workforce and as new workers move in, they demand suitable housing. When unemployment increases and jobs aren’t available, residential demand decreases until the issues are remedied. If the city has a large number of built but unoccupied homes, residential demand can decrease until the available homes become occupied.
'''工业区需求'''要上涨，需要有想从事制造业工作的市民，还要有希望进货的当地贸易企业。如果有专门的产业从当地开采资源，工业区需求会进一步增长。建设专门产业区，在本地生产制造业所需原材料，能降低运输成本，增加利润。有可雇用的员工是提升工业区需求的根本之一。吸引其他地区的人口搬入你的城市，会直接影响包括工业区在内各个分区的需求。企业总是希望优化生产，所以会寻找合适的员工。企业升级后，会希望招募教育程度更高的员工。这会提升企业生产力和生产效率，带来更高利润。


Commercial zone demand is based on manufacturers producing goods for sale and the availability of potential customers, as well as citizens needing jobs. When industrial zones produce goods, they need to sell them to make a profit. As the local market is always a more profitable option, they want to sell their goods within the city which increases the need for local commercial companies. However, having goods and products to sell is only half of the business. The commercial zones also require enough purchasing power from the local citizens to not only survive but to flourish. Thus, local demand for goods and products is an extremely important factor in commercial demand. Citizens want to buy things for their households and they also simply want to spend time in their favorite leisure activities which include shopping. Commercial demand also increases if companies detect the availability of a suitable workforce in the city. When companies have the needed employees to fill the required positions, their profitability increases.
当地有可以储存商品、产品的仓库，也能造福制造业。企业倾向于使用较小的仓储设施，尽快售出产品。有了仓库，企业运作就能有弹性，如果暂时没有合适的买家，它们能有更多时间寻找合适的新买家，同时继续生产更多产品。


Industrial demand is based on citizens needing jobs in the manufacturing sector as well as local commercial companies requiring goods and products to sell. The demand can be further increased by the availability of local resource extraction by specialized industries. Setting up specialized industrial areas provides materials for manufacturing locally, decreasing transport costs and thus increasing profits. Worker availability is one of the cornerstones of industrial demand. Attracting new citizens to the city directly affects the demands of the various sectors, including industrial zones. As companies always seek to optimize their production, they are in search of suitable workers. As the companies increase in levels, their requirements shift to more educated employees; this leads to increased productivity and efficiency which in turn manifests in higher profits. Manufacturing also benefits from having local warehouses to store produced goods and products. Companies tend to have relatively small storage facilities and seek to sell all their products as quickly as possible. Warehouses allow more flexibility and time to seek suitable new buyers if no one is currently available, while still keeping production going.
如果市民希望成为白领，或是市民和企业需要办公区生产的各种非物质商品，'''办公区需求'''就会增加。制造业和其他办公区企业会得益于办公区开发的软件。软件开发会促使更多办公区企业成立，因为这些企业可以进一步开发现有软件，提供更多服务。


Office demand is increased by citizens wanting to work in the office sector as well as citizens and businesses needing the various immaterial goods that offices provide. Manufacturing industry and other office companies benefit from the software developed in the office zones. As software is produced, more office companies appear as they can further develop the software into other services. Office zone demand also benefits greatly from finding suitable workers to boost productivity and efficiency in the companies. Similar to other companies, the better the workforce matches the needs of the companies, the more profitable they will be. Depending on the age range of the customers, different types of immaterial goods are preferred. Adults and seniors favor banking services and products from the financial sector while children and teens consume more media products.
如果能雇用合适的员工，提升企业生产力和生产效率，办公区需求也会大幅增长。和其他企业一样，办公区企业的盈利能力也和员工的适配程度成正比。顾客年龄层不同，偏好的非物质商品也不同。成年人和老年人偏好银行业和金融产品，而孩子和青少年主要消费媒体产品。


== Zone suitability ==
== 区域适配度 ==
Each zone type has a Zone Suitability infoview which activates when you start zoning. Depending on the zone type, it shows pertinent information about which areas are suitable for the selected zone type. As an example, zoning commercial areas shows information about where the potential customers are located in the city while zoning a residential area highlights ground pollution so that it is easy to avoid when zoning. It also shows areas that might be otherwise unsuitable, perhaps due to high Land Value making rent for low density housing very high.
每种区域类型都有各自的区域适配度信息视图，开始划分区域后就会激活。根据区域类型不同，适配度信息视图会显示关于所选类型适用于哪些地区的信息。例如，划分商业区时，会显示城市中潜在顾客的位置，而划分住宅区时，会高亮地面污染，这样就可以避免将住宅区建在被污染区域。信息视图还会显示可能不适配的地区，例如高昂的土地价值可能导致低密度住宅区租金过高。


== Land value ==
== 土地价值 ==
[[File:Land value view.jpg|thumb|400px|Land value overview]]
[[File:Land value view.jpg|thumb|400px| 土地价值信息视图]]
Land value is an attribute tracked in Cities Skylines II that represents the price of a particular piece of land. It is a tool to understand which locations are desirable for citizens and companies, and it spreads through roads to the buildings’ close neighborhoods, slowly increasing the value of the area in general.
土地价值可用于衡量哪些地点更吸引市民和企业，它还会影响建筑物周围道路和与建筑物相邻的街区，缓慢提升区域整体的价值。


Citizens tend to value large homes, the proximity of shops, services they require, schools and workplaces as well as pollution-free locations. If the citizens find homes that suit their needs, they move in. And if they are happy living there and are wealthy enough, they are able to pay a higher rent which translates into an increase in the area’s Land Value. It is important to note that simply plopping all city services into a neighborhood doesn’t increase the Land Value in the area automatically. Only when the residents and companies have their needs met, be it with services or shopping options for citizens, customers, and resellers for companies, will Land Value be affected as the residents and companies feel that the area is valuable to their existence.
市民往往偏好住宅宽敞、附近有商铺、有需要的服务、有学校和工作单位、没有污染的地点。市民找到满足需要的房子就会搬进去。如果他们喜欢这里的生活，且经济宽裕，就会付更高的房租，这会提升该地区的土地价值。需要注意的是，如果仅仅是把所有城市服务堆到一个街区里，并不一定会提升该地的土地价值。只有当地居民和企业的需求（比如市民希望有服务、购物去处，企业希望有顾客和经销商）得到满足，居民和企业感到这个地区对他们有价值，土地价值才会上升。


If the rent is higher than the upkeep cost of the building, the residents pool their leftover funds into improving the building which eventually leads to the building leveling up. High demand for a specific zone type can also increase the rent and thus also the Land Value, as more people want to move into the city than there are places to live.
如果租金超过建筑物保养成本，居民就会把多余的资金用于改良建筑物，进而带来建筑物升级。特定区域类型需求较高，也会导致租金上涨，进而带来土地价值上涨，因为住宅数量会跟不上想搬入城市的人口数量。


To keep the Land Value in check (if needed) you can adjust the various residential taxes, encouraging or discouraging citizens to move in. Also, zoning more of those zone types with high demand can help keep the Land Value in check as the demand is met. It is also possible to simply limit the number of required services and leisure options to keep the Land Value low. Citizens can tolerate some shortcomings in regard to their needs and still live relatively happy lives.
如果想把土地价值控制在一定范围内，你可以调整各种住宅税收，鼓励或阻止居民搬入特定住宅。另外，增建需求量大的区域类型可以满足对该区域类型的需求，从而控制土地价值。限制所需服务和休闲去处的数量，是一个防止土地价值过高的简单方法。即使有部分需求未被满足，市民也可以生活得相对愉快。


If the citizens are not able and willing to pay higher rent, the rent decreases which also affects the Land Value around the building. Residents will move out if the living costs are too high and they don’t feel like their needs are met in the area where they live, and some will even move out of the city. However, if the residents continue to not be able to meet the rent costs, the building will start to deteriorate as no money is used for the building’s basic upkeep. The residents then move out in greater numbers and the building becomes abandoned. This further decreases the Land Value. Abandoned buildings can become occupied by homeless citizens but due to the constant disrepair, the building will eventually collapse.
如果市民没有能力，也不想支付更高的租金，租金就会下跌，进而影响建筑物周围的土地价值。如果某住宅区生活成本过高，而且住在该区域无法满足自己的需求，居民就会搬离该住宅区，甚至索性搬离城市。然而，如果居民一直无法负担租金成本，建筑物就会变得破败，因为没有资金，无法进行基本养护。这样，更多居民就会搬走，抛弃这栋建筑物。这会进一步降低土地价值。被抛弃的建筑物可能成为城里无家可归群体的住处，但由于年久失修，建筑物最终会倒塌。


Land Value affects different residential zone types in different ways. Low density housing areas can quickly become expensive to live in as the Land Value increases. The higher Land Value affects the rent and since low density housing has only one household per building, the increased rent falls on the single household entirely. Thus, lower-income families tend to move out of these residential areas and search for new homes in medium density housing areas. Medium and high density housing areas are less affected by the increased Land Value as the living costs are divided among many dozen households. Many citizens prefer living in smaller homes that cost less than struggling to make their rent.
土地价值对各个住宅区类型的影响不同。随着土地价值上升，低密度住宅区价格会迅速上涨。土地价值上升会影响租金，由于低密度住宅区每栋建筑物只能容纳一户人，上涨的租金就需要完全由这一户人承担。因而，低收入家庭通常会搬离这些住宅区，到中等密度住宅区寻找新住处。中高密度住宅区受土地价值上升的影响较小，因为生活成本会由几十户人家共同承担。许多市民倾向于住在更小更便宜的房子里，以免为高昂的租金所苦。


Companies evaluate suitable locations for their businesses partially using Land Value and the size of the rent which is subtracted from the value of the company’s production. However, companies also take into consideration the location based on the material transportation costs. Companies pay for the transportation of materials to their location as well as the transportation of produced goods and products from the company to resellers and customers. The lower the transportation costs, the more suitable a location is for the company. Similar to residential housing, companies use any money leftover from covering the building’s upkeep costs to improve the building and eventually level it up.
企业评估一个地点是否适合他们选址，一部分是根据土地价值和租金，因为租金需要从企业产值中扣除。然而，企业还会考虑原材料运输成本。企业需要支付将原材料运输到该地的费用，以及从企业将商品和产品运输给经销商和客户的费用。运输成本越低，该地对企业就越理想。和住宅区类似，企业也会用支付完建筑物保养费后多余的经费改良建筑物，最终带来建筑物升级。


==See also==
== 参见 ==
[[Signature buildings]]
[[ 标志性建筑]]


==References==
== 参考资料 ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Game concepts]]
[[Category:Game concepts]]
[[en:Zoning]]
[[en:Zoning]]

2023年11月16日 (四) 20:45的最新版本

功能区决定了在何处规划住宅、商铺和工厂。在一片空白区域划定功能区后，随着时间推移，对应功能区的建筑就会根据城市中的需求自动建造。每个区域类型都要满足不同条件才能迸发活力，在一座正常运作的城市里，所有区域相辅相成：工厂需要运输产品的设施，企业需要员工，员工需要住房、供购物的商店、还有打发空闲时间的去处。

地区主题

File:Theme styles.png
北美风格（左）和欧洲风格（右）

主题风格代表了住宅和商业建筑、交通工具、道路、交通指示牌和交通信号灯的外观风格。当前版本游戏中有两种风格：Theme european.png欧洲和 Theme north american.png北美。

工具模式

File:Zoning tools.png
主题和分区工具

工具模式决定了功能区如何填充

  1. 填充: 完全填充选定的单元网格。
  2. 滚动: 绘制一个矩形并填充绘制区域中的所有分区单元格。
  3. 刷涂: 一次填充选定的一个单元格。按住鼠标可以快速绘制多个单元格。

在上述工具模式中使用鼠标右键将删除对应工具模式划定的功能区。

功能区类型和密度

游戏中有五种不同的功能区类型：

  • 住宅区 - 为市民提供住所。低密度住宅面积较大，可容纳较少的市民，人均支付的房租相对更高，因而适合偏爱更宽敞公寓的家庭和老年人。独居人群和学生则不介意住更小的公寓，他们偏爱中等密度的公寓楼和高密度集合式住宅。生活成本会由大量住户分担，因而中高密度住宅区的房租成本较低。
  • 商业区 - 企业在这里销售各类产品，产品有的是本地生产，有的通过外部连接进口。将商业区建在住宅区附近，能为商业区提供顾客，让商业区生意更兴隆。商业企业得益于当地制造业，因为当地制造业能就近为他们提供商品。反过来说，当地制造商也得益于附近的贸易企业，因为将生产出来的商品运往这些零售店的运输成本较低，每件售出的商品也就能给他们带来更多利润。
  • 工业区 - 利用原材料生产商品，原材料可以通过外部连接通过卡车运输，也可以由本地专门产业区开采加工。有些商品会卖给商业企业，由商业企业再卖给顾客（比如食物），有的则先卖给商业企业，由商业企业加工成产品或非物质商品（诸如饮料会被转化为娱乐）。工业区优先尝试将商品出售给本地买家。如果某一产品在本地供大于求，企业就会把多余的该产品运往外部连接，但由于就近出售的运输成本低，卖给当地市场总是利润更高的。从一个外部连接运往另一个外部连接会导致利润进一步减少，因为商品需要被运送至更远的新买家。这模拟了市场最终过饱和的状态。企业通常会时不时重新评估自己的生意，根据当前商业前景和市场需求调整员工数量。
  • 办公区 - 为个人和企业提供非物质商品和服务。
  • 专门产业区 - 开发自然资源并提供就业岗位，生产其他区域所需的原材料产品。

需要注意，高密度功能区通常会使一片区域内交通量增加，并导致小路拥堵。如果你想建造一个规模巨大的城市，而不是挤在狭小的空间里，最好使用低密度功能区铺开城市，因为它需要更少的服务，而且比高密度区占用更大的空间。

另外，商业区和工业区更容易造成交通拥堵，尤其是原料或商品无法从城市内部满足需求，并依赖外部进口时。进口商品不会影响这些行业的收入，但完善的道路网络会影响城市运转节奏。

各主题功能区

图标（Theme european.png） 图标（Theme north american.png） 功能区 所需里程碑等级 描述
File:ZoneResidentialLow.png File:ZoneNAResidentialLow.png Low Density Housing 0 Single and semi-detached houses.
ZoneResidentialMediumRow.png ZoneNAResidentialMediumRow.png Medium Density Row Housing 1 Row houses.
ZoneResidentialMedium.png File:ZoneNAResidentialMedium.png Medium Density Housing 2 Small apartment buildings.
File:ZoneResidentialMixed.png File:ZoneNAResidentialMixed.png Mixed Housing 5 Apartment buildings with commercial space on the bottom and apartments on top.
File:ZoneResidentialHigh.png ZoneNAResidentialHigh.png High Density Housing 8 Large apartment buildings.
File:ZoneCommercialLow.png File:ZoneNACommercialLow.png Low Density Business 0 Stores, boutiques, gas stations, supermarkets, restaurants, motels, bars, travel agencies.
File:ZoneCommercialHigh.png File:ZoneNACommercialHigh.png High Density Business 9 Supermarkets, malls, hotels, big movie theaters, concert halls, theaters, fitness centers, department stores.

不限主题的功能区

图标 功能区 所需里程碑等级 描述
File:ZoneResidentialLowRent.png Low Rent Housing 4 Large apartment buildings with small, affordable apartments. The lower rent provides lower tax income as a result.
File:ZoneIndustrial.png Industrial Manufacturing 0 Workshops and factories, warehouses and storage yards.
File:ZoneOfficeLow.png Low Density Offices 4 Small office buildings.
File:ZoneOfficeHigh.png High Density Offices 10 Skyscrapers, large office buildings.

专门产业区

File:Farming area.jpg
Grain Farming specialized industry zone

Specialized industries follow different placement rules. Initially a central building will be placed. Then the corners of the zone for extraction must be placed, limited to a ring around the central building. The corners can be later adjusted through the Area menu or by selecting the central building. Specialized industry buildings cannot become abandoned, but companies will still move in and out of them as the area becomes more or less desirable.

Most specialized industry zones require being placed atop a specific natural resource to be extracted. Companies will never move into a specialized industry zone that requires a resource the zone does not have access to. Livestock Farming and Stone Mining do not require any natural resources to operate.

File:Specialized Industry.png 专门产业区 区域类型 Milestone.png 所需里程碑等级 所需资源 File:NoisePollution.png 噪音污染 File:GroundPollution.png 地面污染 AirPollution.png 空气污染
Resource livestock.png Livestock Farming Agriculture Area 3 低
Resource grain.png Grain Farming Agriculture Area 4 Fertile Land 农地 低
Resource vegetables.png Vegetable Farming Agriculture Area 5 Fertile Land 农地 低
Resource cotton.png Textile Fiber Farming Agriculture Area 6 Fertile Land 农地 低
Resource wood.png Forestry Forestry Area 4 Forest 森林 中
Resource stone.png Stone Mining Ore Area 3 中 中 中
Resource coal.png Coal Mining Ore Area 5 Ore 矿脉 中 中 中
Resource ore.png Ore Mining Ore Area 7 Ore 矿脉 中 中 中
Resource oil.png Oil Drilling Oil Area 8 Oil 油田 中 中 中

Resource oil.png 石油开采区比其他区域更易发生火灾。

建筑物等级

所有分区建筑物都有建筑物等级，从1到5级不等。建筑物等级代表建筑物品质提升程度，反映其中人员的富有程度。随着建筑物升级，其养护成本会上升，意味着其租金也会上涨。在住宅类建筑物中，每户的平均用电和用水量会减少，建筑物达到3级和5级时，中高密度住宅中会产生更多套房。

在商业类建筑物中，每售出一单位量商品或产品的耗电、耗水量会下降。另外，商业类建筑可以更快生产商品和服务，意味着其售价可以变得更便宜。这就致使市民优先选择高等级的贸易企业。

类似地，制造业和办公类建筑物生产一单位量商品的耗电、耗水量也会下降。高等级建筑物会采用更好的实践方法，能提升生产效率，减少产生的废物和污染。

建筑物每次升级，外观都会改变，反映出其品质提升。低等级建筑物的外观设计得更“廉价”，高等级建筑物外观更为时尚精致。

需求

File:Zone demand.jpg
Demand information

城市扩张很大程度上是因为各种区域类型对土地的需求增加，以及各区域间的共生关系。有更多人搬入城市，就会需要住房，增加住宅区需求。接下来，新市民需要找工作，需要有地方购物，有地方打发空余时间，所以工业区和商业区的需求也会增加。工业区生产了更多产品，就需要有地方出售，导致商业区需求增加。更多企业成立，产生更多工作岗位，又会反过来增加对住宅区的需求。

基于不同教育程度，以及城市中生产销售的各种商品，来调整税收，这会对当地需求产生重大影响。税收可以用来鼓励城市中特定商品、产品的生产，或是单纯用来帮扶新兴产业。

有人想搬入城市时，住宅区需求就会增加。劳动人群会来城市找工作，学生来寻找教育机会，还有些人想搬进来只是因为觉得这里适合他们养家。家族和老年人偏爱更宽敞的公寓，会增加对中低密度住宅的需求。独居人群和学生则不介意住更小的公寓，他们偏爱中等密度的公寓楼和高密度集合式住宅。生活成本会由大量住户分担，因而中高密度住宅区的生活成本较低。工业区、商业区和办公区的就业机会增加，也会导致住宅区需求增加。这些区域需要劳动力，而新搬入的员工需要合适的住房。如果工作机会减少，失业率上升，住宅需求就会下降，直到情况得到补救。如果城市里有大量闲置房屋，住宅需求就可能下降，直到闲置房屋有人入住。

商业区需求需要有制造业提供商品，有潜在顾客，还要有找工作的市民。工业区制造了商品，就需要出售商品来获利。当地市场永远会带来更大利润，所以他们倾向于在市内销售商品，这就会增加对当地贸易企业的需求。

然而，有可供出售的商品和产品只算成功了一半。商业区还需要当地市民购买力足够强大，好让他们不仅回本，还能大挣一笔。因此，当地对商品、产品的需求是商业区需求中极其重要的因素。市民想为家里购置物品，也想花时间进行购物等他们最爱的休闲活动。

工业区需求要上涨，需要有想从事制造业工作的市民，还要有希望进货的当地贸易企业。如果有专门的产业从当地开采资源，工业区需求会进一步增长。建设专门产业区，在本地生产制造业所需原材料，能降低运输成本，增加利润。有可雇用的员工是提升工业区需求的根本之一。吸引其他地区的人口搬入你的城市，会直接影响包括工业区在内各个分区的需求。企业总是希望优化生产，所以会寻找合适的员工。企业升级后，会希望招募教育程度更高的员工。这会提升企业生产力和生产效率，带来更高利润。

当地有可以储存商品、产品的仓库，也能造福制造业。企业倾向于使用较小的仓储设施，尽快售出产品。有了仓库，企业运作就能有弹性，如果暂时没有合适的买家，它们能有更多时间寻找合适的新买家，同时继续生产更多产品。

如果市民希望成为白领，或是市民和企业需要办公区生产的各种非物质商品，办公区需求就会增加。制造业和其他办公区企业会得益于办公区开发的软件。软件开发会促使更多办公区企业成立，因为这些企业可以进一步开发现有软件，提供更多服务。

如果能雇用合适的员工，提升企业生产力和生产效率，办公区需求也会大幅增长。和其他企业一样，办公区企业的盈利能力也和员工的适配程度成正比。顾客年龄层不同，偏好的非物质商品也不同。成年人和老年人偏好银行业和金融产品，而孩子和青少年主要消费媒体产品。

区域适配度

每种区域类型都有各自的区域适配度信息视图，开始划分区域后就会激活。根据区域类型不同，适配度信息视图会显示关于所选类型适用于哪些地区的信息。例如，划分商业区时，会显示城市中潜在顾客的位置，而划分住宅区时，会高亮地面污染，这样就可以避免将住宅区建在被污染区域。信息视图还会显示可能不适配的地区，例如高昂的土地价值可能导致低密度住宅区租金过高。

土地价值

File:Land value view.jpg
土地价值信息视图

土地价值可用于衡量哪些地点更吸引市民和企业，它还会影响建筑物周围道路和与建筑物相邻的街区，缓慢提升区域整体的价值。

市民往往偏好住宅宽敞、附近有商铺、有需要的服务、有学校和工作单位、没有污染的地点。市民找到满足需要的房子就会搬进去。如果他们喜欢这里的生活，且经济宽裕，就会付更高的房租，这会提升该地区的土地价值。需要注意的是，如果仅仅是把所有城市服务堆到一个街区里，并不一定会提升该地的土地价值。只有当地居民和企业的需求（比如市民希望有服务、购物去处，企业希望有顾客和经销商）得到满足，居民和企业感到这个地区对他们有价值，土地价值才会上升。

如果租金超过建筑物保养成本，居民就会把多余的资金用于改良建筑物，进而带来建筑物升级。特定区域类型需求较高，也会导致租金上涨，进而带来土地价值上涨，因为住宅数量会跟不上想搬入城市的人口数量。

如果想把土地价值控制在一定范围内，你可以调整各种住宅税收，鼓励或阻止居民搬入特定住宅。另外，增建需求量大的区域类型可以满足对该区域类型的需求，从而控制土地价值。限制所需服务和休闲去处的数量，是一个防止土地价值过高的简单方法。即使有部分需求未被满足，市民也可以生活得相对愉快。

如果市民没有能力，也不想支付更高的租金，租金就会下跌，进而影响建筑物周围的土地价值。如果某住宅区生活成本过高，而且住在该区域无法满足自己的需求，居民就会搬离该住宅区，甚至索性搬离城市。然而，如果居民一直无法负担租金成本，建筑物就会变得破败，因为没有资金，无法进行基本养护。这样，更多居民就会搬走，抛弃这栋建筑物。这会进一步降低土地价值。被抛弃的建筑物可能成为城里无家可归群体的住处，但由于年久失修，建筑物最终会倒塌。

土地价值对各个住宅区类型的影响不同。随着土地价值上升，低密度住宅区价格会迅速上涨。土地价值上升会影响租金，由于低密度住宅区每栋建筑物只能容纳一户人，上涨的租金就需要完全由这一户人承担。因而，低收入家庭通常会搬离这些住宅区，到中等密度住宅区寻找新住处。中高密度住宅区受土地价值上升的影响较小，因为生活成本会由几十户人家共同承担。许多市民倾向于住在更小更便宜的房子里，以免为高昂的租金所苦。

企业评估一个地点是否适合他们选址，一部分是根据土地价值和租金，因为租金需要从企业产值中扣除。然而，企业还会考虑原材料运输成本。企业需要支付将原材料运输到该地的费用，以及从企业将商品和产品运输给经销商和客户的费用。运输成本越低，该地对企业就越理想。和住宅区类似，企业也会用支付完建筑物保养费后多余的经费改良建筑物，最终带来建筑物升级。

参见

标志性建筑

参考资料